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- cast: Donnie Yen
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Acclaimed filmmaker Niki Caro brings the epic tale of China’s legendary warrior to life in Disney’s "Mulan, " in which a fearless young woman risks everything out of love for her family and her country to become one of the greatest warriors China has ever known. When the Emperor of China issues a decree that one man per family must serve in the Imperial Army to defend the country from Northern invaders, Hua Mulan, the eldest daughter of an honored warrior, steps in to take the place of her ailing father. Masquerading as a man, Hua Jun, she is tested every step of the way and must harness her inner-strength and embrace her true potential. It is an epic journey that will transform her into an honored warrior and earn her the respect of a grateful nation…and a proud father.
Mulan
The fearless and spirited eldest daughter of an honored warrior, Mulan is the apple of her father’s eye. When the Emperor mobilizes his troops to fight the onslaught of invaders from the North, she masquerades as a man to take the place of her ailing father under the name Hua Jun, setting her on an adventure that will transform her into a legendary warrior.
Böri Khan
Böri Khan is the Rouran warrior who commands the Northern Invasion. A ferocious leader and formidable foe, Khan is compelled by a personal vendetta, and he will stop at nothing in his quest for revenge.
Xianniang
An ally of Böri Khan and the Rouran forces, Xianniang possesses special powers that are invaluable. But as the story unfolds, Xianniang learns that she has more in common with her young adversary Mulan than she realizes.
Honghui
A fellow recruit of Mulan’s, Honghui is handsome, confident and ambitious, and soon becomes one of Mulan’s most important allies.
Commander Tung
Honorable and disciplined, Commander Tung leads the battalion of the Emperor’s Imperial Army in which Mulan serves. He becomes an important figure in Mulan's soldiering life, not only as her commanding officer but as a mentor as well.
Emperor
As ruler of China, the Emperor issues a decree that one man per household must serve in the Imperial Army and fight the Northern invaders. Once a fearsome warrior himself, he is committed to crushing the Rouran forces that threaten the security of the empire and its people.
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“Did they send me daughters, when i asked for sons? ” Mulan: Um. well.
Hua Mulan ( 花木蘭) Mulan as depicted in the album Gathering Gems of Beauty (畫麗珠萃秀) First appearance Ballad of Mulan Created by Guo Maoqian Based on Musical Records of Old and New Information Gender Female Occupation Infantry Soldier Origin Northern Wei Nationality Xianbei or Chinese (not conclusive)
Hua Mulan Traditional Chinese 花 木 蘭 Simplified Chinese 花 木 兰 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Huā Mùlán Wade–Giles Hua 1 Mu 4 -lan 2 Gan Romanization Fa 1 Muk 6 -lan 4 Hakka Romanization Fa Muklan Yue: Cantonese Jyutping Faa 1 Muk 6 -laan 4 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Hoe Bo̍k-lân Middle Chinese Middle Chinese Hwæ Muk-lan Old Chinese Baxter–Sagart (2014) * qʷʰˤra C. mˤok-k. rˤan
Hua Mulan ( Chinese: 花木蘭) is a legendary/fictional female warrior from the Northern and Southern dynasties period of Chinese history, originally described in the Ballad of Mulan ( Chinese: 木蘭辭; pinyin: Mùlán cí). In the ballad, Hua Mulan, disguised as a man, takes her aged father's place in the army. Mulan fought for twelve years and gained high merit, but she refused any reward and retired to her hometown.
The historic setting of Hua Mulan is in the Northern Wei. Over a thousand years later, Xu Wei 's play from the Ming dynasty places her in the Northern Wei, whereas the Qing dynasty Sui Tang Romance has her active around the founding of the Tang c. 620. In 621, the founder of the Tang dynasty emerged victorious over Wang Shichong and Dou Jiande. The latter sired Dou Xianniang, another female warrior who became Mulan's laotong in the Sui Tang Romance. [1]
The Hua Mulan crater on Venus is named after her. [2] [3]
==History== (not confirmed t be true)
Painting of Hua Mulan, 18th century, housed in the British Museum
The Ballad of Mulan was first transcribed in the Musical Records of Old and New ( Chinese: 古今樂錄; pinyin: Gǔjīn Yuèlù) in the 6th century. The earliest extant text of the poem comes from an 11th- or 12th-century anthology known as the Music Bureau Collection ( Chinese: 樂府詩; pinyin: Yuèfǔshī). Its author, Guo Maoqian, explicitly mentions the Musical Records of Old and New as his source for the poem. As a ballad, the lines do not necessarily have equal numbers of syllables. The poem consists of 31 couplets, and is mostly composed of five-character phrases, with a few extending to seven or nine.
In the late Ming, playwright Xu Wei (d. 1593) dramatized the tale as "The Female Mulan" ( 雌木蘭 or, more fully, "The Heroine Mulan Goes to War in Her Father's Place" ( Chinese: 雌木蘭替父從軍; pinyin: Cí-Mùlán Tì Fù Cóngjūn), in two acts.
Later, the character of Mulan was incorporated into the Sui-Tang Romance [ zh], a historical novel written by Chu Renhuo [ zh] in the 17th century, early in the Qing dynasty. [4] [5]
Over time, the story of Hua Mulan rose in popularity as a folk tale among the Chinese people on the same level as the Butterfly Lovers. [ citation needed]
Name [ edit]
In Chinese, mùlán refers to the magnolia. The heroine of the poem is given different family names in different versions of her story. According to History of Ming, her family name is Zhu (朱), while the History of Qing says it is Wei (魏). The family name Hua ( 花; Huā; 'flower'), which was introduced by Xu Wei, [6] has become the most popular in recent years in part because of its more poetic meaning.
Historicity [ edit]
The story of Hua Mulan is treated more as a legend than a historical person, and her name does not appear in Exemplary Women which is a compilation of biographies of women during the Northern Wei dynasty. [7] Her legend is, however, included in Yan Xiyuan's One Hundred Beauties which is a compilation of various women in Chinese folklore.
Plot [ edit]
Statue of Mulan being welcomed home, in the city of Xinxiang, China.
The Ballad of Hua Mulan is set in the Northern Wei era (386–536). The poem starts with Mulan sitting worriedly at her loom, as one male from each family is called to serve in the army to defend the Tuoba realm from Rouran invaders. Her father is old and weak, and her younger brother is just a child, so she decides to take his place and bids farewell to her parents, who support her. She is already skilled in fighting, having been taught martial arts, sword fighting, and archery by the time she enlists in the army. After twelve years of fighting, the army returns and the warriors are rewarded. Mulan turns down an official post, and asks only for a camel to carry her home. She is greeted with joy by her family. Mulan dons her old clothes and meets her comrades, who are shocked that in the 12 years of their enlistment together, they did not realize that she was a woman. [8]
Sui Tang Romance [ edit]
Chu Renhuo's Romance of the Sui and Tang (c. 1675; first edition 1695) provides additional backdrops and plot-twists. [4] Chu placed Mulan under the rule of Heshana Khan (603–619) of the Western Turkic Khaganate. When the Khan agrees to wage war in alliance with the emergent Tang dynasty, which was poised to conquer all of China, Mulan's father Hua Hu ( Chinese: 花弧) fears he will be conscripted into military service since he only has two daughters and an infant son. Mulan dresses as a man and enlists in her father's stead. She is intercepted by the forces of the Xia king Dou Jiande (573–621) and is brought under questioning by the king's warrior daughter Xianniang ( Chinese: 線娘), who tries to recruit Mulan as a man. Discovering Mulan to be a fellow female warrior, she is so delighted that they become sworn sisters. [5] [9]
In the Sui Tang Romance, Mulan comes to a tragic end, which "differs from the endings of most of the Hua Mulan legends. " [5] Xianniang's father is vanquished after siding with the enemy of the Tang dynasty, and the two sworn sisters, with knives in their mouths, surrender themselves to be executed in the place of the condemned man. The act of filial piety wins reprieve from Emperor Taizong of Tang and the imperial consort who was birth-mother to the Emperor bestows money to Mulan to provide for her parents and wedding funds for the princess who confessed to having promised herself to general Luó Chéng [ zh] ( Chinese: 羅成). [10] (In reality, Dou Jiande was executed, but in the novel he lives on as a monk. )
Mulan is given leave to journey back to her homeland, and once arrangements were made for Mulan's parents to relocate, it is expected that they will all be living in the princess's old capital of Leshou ( Chinese: 樂壽, modern Xian County, Hebei). Mulan is devastated to discover her father has long died and her mother has remarried. According to the novel, Mulan's mother was surnamed Yuan (袁) and remarried a man named Wei (魏). Even worse, the Khan has summoned her to the palace to become his concubine.
Rather than suffer this fate, she commits suicide. But before she dies, she entrusts an errand to her younger sister, Youlan ( Chinese: 又蘭), which was to deliver Xianniang's letter to her fiancé, Luó Chéng. This younger sister dresses as a man to make her delivery, but her disguise is discovered, and it arouses her recipient's amorous attention. [11]
In the novel, Mulan's father was from Hebei during the Northern Wei dynasty while her mother was from the Central Plain of China. [12] But "even a Chinese woman would prefer death by her own hand to serving a foreign ruler, " as some commentators have explained this Mulan character's motive for committing suicide. [13] Mulan's words before she committed suicide were, "I'm a girl, I have been through war and have done enough. I now want to be with my father. " [ citation needed]
Modern adaptations [ edit]
The story of Hua Mulan has inspired a number of screen and stage adaptations, including:
Stage [ edit]
Mulan Joins the Army (1917 play) starring Mei Lanfang
The Legend of Marissa Inouye (2013 dance production) by the Hong Kong Dance Company
Films [ edit]
Hua Mulan Joins the Army (1927 film) – a silent film released by Tianyi Film Company and directed by Li Pingqian.
Mulan Joins the Army (1928 film) – Mingxing Film Company production, directed by Hou Yao. The film was unsuccessful, in part due to the Tianyi film that was released the previous year.
Mulan Joins the Army (1939 film) – popular Chinese film made during the Second Sino-Japanese War, directed by Bu Wancang and written by Ouyang Yuqian. The film also created a large spark of popularity, in terms of literature. [14]
Lady General Hua Mu-lan (1964 film) – Hong Kong opera film.
Saga of Mulan (1994 film) – Film adaptation of the Chinese opera based on the legend.
The Secret of Mulan – A 1998 animated film by Hong Ying Animation, in which the characters are anthropomorphic animals.
Mulan (1998 film) – Disney animated feature, and the basis of many derivative works. Disney's version of the Mulan character has subsequently appeared in other media and promotions, mainly as part of the Disney Princess product line.
Mulan II (2004 film) – A direct-to-video Disney animated sequel, set one month after the events of Disney's 1998 film.
Mulan (2020 film) – Live action film from Disney that is a loose remake of the 1998 animated film, which is meant to better resemble the original tale. [15]
Mulan (2009 film) – Live action film about the Chinese legend.
An upcoming live-action adaptation of Mulan's legend. The film is to be produced by Sony Pictures and directed by Alex Graves. [16]
Television series [ edit]
A Tough Side of a Lady (1998 film) – Hong Kong TVB drama series of Mulan starring Mariane Chan as Hua Mulan.
Hua Mu Lan (1999 series) – Taiwan CTV period drama serial starring Anita Yuen as Hua Mulan.
Jamie Chung portrays Mulan in the second, third and fifth seasons of the U. S. TV series Once Upon a Time (2012–2013). [17] [18]
Mu Lan 巾幗大將軍 (2012) – China production with Elanne Kong starring as Mu Lan
The Legend of Hua Mulan 花木蘭傳奇 (2013) – CCTV production starring Hou Meng Yao, Dylan Kuo, Liu De Kai, Ray Lui, Dai Chunrong and Angel Wang. It consists of forty-nine episodes.
Literature [ edit]
Maxine Hong Kingston re-visited Mulan's tale in her 1975 text, The Woman Warrior. Kingston's version popularized the story in the West and may have led to the Disney animated feature adaptation. [19]
The Legend of Mu Lan: A Heroine of Ancient China [20] was the first English language picture book featuring the character Mulan published in the United States in 1992 by Victory Press.
In the fantasy/alternate history novel Throne of Jade (2006), China's aerial corps is described as being composed of all female captains and their dragons due to the precedent set by the legendary woman warrior.
Cameron Dokey created 'Wild Orchid' in 2009, a retelling of the Ballad of Mulan as part of the Once Upon A Time series of novels published by Simon Pulse, an imprint of Simon & Schuster.
In the comic, Deadpool Killustrated (2013), Hua Mulan, along with Natty Bumppo, and Beowulf are brought together by Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson (using H. G. Wells ' time machine) to stop Deadpool from killing all beloved literary characters and destroying the literary universe.
Reflection by Elizabeth Lim was published in 2018 as an installment in Disney Press' Twisted Tales series. This is an alternate ending to the Disney film in which Mulan must travel to Diyu, the Underworld, in order to save her captain.
In The Magnolia Sword: A Ballad of Mulan by Sherry Thomas (2019), Mulan has trained in the martial arts since childhood in preparation for a hereditary duel. When she goes to war in her father's stead, she is shocked to discover her team's captain is also her opponent in the duel.
Children's books [ edit]
I am Hua Mulan, by Qin Wenjun, illust. Yu Rong (2017) [21] – in Chinese
The Ballad of Mulan by Song Nan Zhang (1998) – in English
See also [ edit]
List of women warriors in folklore
Women warriors
Notes [ edit]
^ Kwa & Idema 2010, p. 12n
^ Russell, Joel F., Schaber, Gerald G. (March 1993). "Named Venusian craters". In Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Bibcode: 1993LPI.... 24. 1219R. CS1 maint: uses authors parameter ( link)
^ "Venus Crater Database". Lunar and Planetary Institute of the Universities Space Research Association. Retrieved 2011-05-06.
^ a b Kwa & Idema 2010, pp. xx–xxi, 119–120
^ a b c Huang 2006, pp. 120, 124–5
^ Kwa & Idema 2010, p. xvii
^ Mann, Susan. Precious Records: Women in China's Long Eighteenth Century. Stanford University Press; 1 edition (May 1, 1997). p. 208. ISBN 978-0804727440
^ "The Legendary Warrior that Inspired Disney's Mulan Is Pretty Badass". Archived from the original on 2016-12-11. Retrieved 2016-12-15.
^ Ren-Huo Chu. Suei Tang Yan Yi at Project Gutenberg, Ch. 56 (第五十六回)
^ Ren-Huo Chu. 59 (第五十九回)
^ Ren-Huo Chu. 60 (第六十回)
^ Ch. 56, "其父名弧,字乘之,拓拔魏河北人,为千夫长。续娶一妻袁氏,中原人。"
^ Huang 2006, p. 120
^ "Google Ngram Viewer".. Retrieved 2017-04-20.
^ Nguyen, Minh (13 September 2016). "Live-Action Mulan Film Revives Anti-Whitewashing Petition". NBC News. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
^ Fleming Jr, Mike (17 October 2016). " ' Game Of Thrones' Alex Graves To Helm Sony's 'Mulan ' ". Deadline. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
^ Hibberd, James (5 July 2012). " ' Once Upon a Time' scoop: 'Hangover 2' actress cast as legendary warrior".. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
^ Nichols, James (15 October 2013). " ' Once Upon A Time, ' Disney-ABC Show'October 2013"..
^ Hong Kingston, Maxine (1989). The Woman Warrior. New York: Random House. pp. 40–53. ISBN 0679721886.
^ Hu, Eileen. "Mulan".. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
^ "33. I Am Mulan". Chinese books for young readers. 2017-03-13. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
References [ edit]
Further reading [ edit]
Dong, Lan. Mulan's Legend and Legacy in China and the United States (Temple University Press; 2010) 263 pages; Traces literary and other images of Mulan from premodern China to contemporary China and the United States.
External links [ edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hua Mulan.
Information on the historical Mulan
Ode to Mulan The original poem in Chinese and English side-by-side translation.
The female individual and the empire: A historicist approach to Mulan and Kingston's woman warrior
The poem in Chinese calligraphy (images), simplified characters, traditional characters, and an English translation
The poem in printed Chinese, with hyperlinks to definitions and etymologies.
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're doing something DIFFERENT with the story of Mulan and NOT just doing a water down shot for shot remake? IT'S A CHRISTMAS MIRACLE.
The latest live-action Disney movie is on its way, and it's bringing some of China's biggest stars with it. Here's what we know about Mulan... so far. Watch now
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A young Chinese maiden disguises herself as a male warrior in order to save her father. A live-action feature film based on Disney's 'Mulan. '
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Release Date: 27 March 2020 (USA)
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Budget: $150, 000, 000
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Did You Know?
Trivia
WILHELM SCREAM: To be announced. See more »
Quotes
Xian Lang:
[ to Mulan]
When they find out who you are, they will show you no mercy.
See more »
Soundtracks
I'll Make a Man Out of You
Music by Matthew Wilder
Lyrics by David Zippel See more ».
10:25 Alright guys! Let's get this wrapped up till tomorrow! Animator: I'll need to stand on a glacier in norway first.
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Togo did most of the hazardous journey than Balto. Sad that he wasn't given the credit when it's due. Salute to Disney who relived his story.
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2:21 の方の絶妙にかすれた声がとても美しい.
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Didn't you get killed for touching the emperor lol.
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The cartoon scene was a little better Mother: “she will be killed” Father: “if I reveal here, she will be.” While he lies in pain on the floor. Havent seen a movie in theatres for many years, that may change.
This article is about the animated film. For the character, see Fa Mulan. For the 2020 live-action film, see Mulan (2020 film).
Mulan is a 1998 animated feature film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, and released by Walt Disney Pictures on June 19, 1998. The thirty-sixth animated feature in the Disney Animated Canon and the ninth film in the Disney Renaissance, the film is based on the Chinese legend of Hua Mulan, and was the first of three produced primarily at the animation studio at Disney-MGM Studios in Orlando, Florida. It was directed by Tony Bancroft and Barry Cook, with the story by Robert D. San Souci and Rita Hsiao, among others.
While the film today is very popular among the millennial generation, many of which praise it for being the most progressive Disney Princess film, the film did only modestly well at the box office; its success did not quite reach the standards of previous Disney Renaissance movies, such as Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, and The Lion King.
Plot
The Huns, led by the ruthless Shan Yu, invade China, breaching the Great Wall via grappling hooks. This prompts a panicked soldier to light the sentry fires. As a result of the invasion, each family is given a conscription notice. On the same day Fa Mulan 's meeting with the local matchmaker goes awry, her father, Fa Zhou, is ordered to serve in the army. Due to his age and previous war injuries, however, it is unlikely he will survive. Against her family's wishes, Mulan secretly disguises herself as a man, then takes her father's conscription notice, armor, and weapons so that he will not have to go. She rides away on her horse, Khan, to join the army, knowing that if she gets caught she will be killed, as women are strictly forbidden from joining on pain of death.
Mushu, a small Chinese dragon, has been awakened by the family's First Ancestor. Mushu had been demoted to gong ringer after a mishap with one of the ancestors from the last time they were awakened. After various choices of which guardian to send after Mulan, he is asked to awaken the " Great Stone Dragon ". Mushu accidentally destroys the Dragon but realizes that this could be an opportunity to earn his place among the guardians again if he can make Mulan a war hero. Cri-Kee joins him in this task.
In the meantime, Shan Yu and the Huns pillage a city on the way to the Imperial Palace. Leaving the wreckage, they locate two spies. Shan Yu asks them to send a message to the Emperor telling him that the Huns are coming and are ready to engage the Imperial armies. However, as they leave, Shan Yu orders his archer to murder one.
Despite bad advice from Mushu leading to a rocky start at the training camp, Mulan (under the alias "Ping") trains with a group led by Captain Li Shang, including fellow soldiers Ling, Yao, and Chien Po, and slowly earns their respect and trust. At some point during this, Shan Yu's falcon, Hayabusa, uncovers a doll from a mountain village, revealing that the Imperial army is waiting for them. One of the Elite Hun Soldiers claims that it will be easy to avoid the ambush, but Shan Yu insists they proceed through the mountains, remarking they should "return" the doll to its rightful owner. Soon after this event, the troops complete their training, but Chi Fu, the Emperor's meddling and misogynistic advisor, refuses to let them see battle, accusing the troops of being ill-prepared. Mushu forges a letter from the General, ordering Shang to take his men to battle. The troops set out to meet General Li, who has already left on a mission. However, Shang and his troops tragically discover that his father, the general and his men were killed in battle against Shan Yu. As they leave, Mulan finds the doll Shan Yu found and places it in front of the General's grave marker.
Shang and his troops continue, disheartened by their loss, when they are ambushed by Hun archers due to a misfired cannon. After an initial attack, the Huns are believed to be defeated, but the troops soon discover otherwise, and Shan Yu orders a massive cavalry charge to finish off the remaining men. While the rest of the troops set up the last cannon to fire at Shan Yu to cut the head off the snake, Mulan spots a precarious mound of snow on the upper mountainside. During the charge, Mulan snatches the cannon and fires the rocket at the snow mound on the mountainside. It hits the mound near the summit and triggers a large avalanche, spreading all over and swallowing the now fleeing Huns, including Shan-Yu, burying them. Shang's soldiers take refuge while Mulan rescues Shang from being swept away by the snow and falling off a cliff. The Chinese soldiers initially cheer for their victory, but quickly become somber after Mulan discovers that she is bleeding; she had been wounded by a swipe of Shan Yu's sword before the avalanche buried Shan Yu and his army. Shang quickly summons a doctor just as Mulan faints.
During treatment, Mulan's true identity is discovered. Shang is notified and is expected to execute Mulan. Instead, he spares her life (she having saved his own life during the avalanche), and promptly expels her from the army. Shang and his troops promptly continue their path to the capital, leaving Mulan behind. Mulan decides to return home, but spots the Huns emerging from the snow from the avalanche. She tries to warn Shang's troops as they are heralded by citizens in a parade for their war efforts, but they do not listen. As the Emperor ( Pat Morita) addresses the crowd, the Huns, disguised as parade characters, kidnap him and barricade themselves inside the palace.
Shang and his troops try to follow the Huns into the palace but are unsuccessful. Mulan devises a ploy with the other soldiers to dress as concubines, scale one of the palace walls and infiltrate the palace. When the Huns lower their defenses in the presence of the "women", Mulan and her allies swiftly dispatch them all. During this attack, Shan Yu demands the Emperor bow before him, but the Emperor calmly rebuffs him. Before Shan Yu can kill the Emperor, Shang intervenes and the Emperor is safely removed from the palace by Chien Po. Unfortunately, Shang and Mulan are now trapped on the balcony with Shan Yu. Shan Yu is about to kill Shang when Mulan gets his attention with her shoe. He recognizes her from the mountain battle and gives chase. Mulan lures him onto the palace rooftop where they face each other in personal combat, until Mushu, as arranged by Mulan, launches a huge firecracker that hits Shan Yu and carries him off to his death. The fate of the remaining five Hun warriors is never fully disclosed.
The Emperor meets Mulan and, in an accusatory tone, lists Mulan's crimes, but nevertheless pardons her for saving China and himself. The Emperor then bows to Mulan, which is considered an extremely high honor as it implies being of a higher status than the Emperor, while the hundreds of observers kow-tow (an Eastern bowing position with one's face and palms to the floor). The Emperor then offers Mulan a position among his staff (even offering to have her replace Chi-Fu). Though certainly flattered by the offer, Mulan politely declines it, explaining that she'd rather go back home to her family. The Emperor accepts this, and he gives her Shan Yu 's sword, along with his crest, for her to bring home and give honor to her family.
Upon her return, Mulan expects to be reprimanded but is instead embraced by her family. Shang arrives to talk with Mulan, having been encouraged to tell her his feelings for her by the Emperor. The ancestors reluctantly agree to make Mushu a guardian once more and celebration ensues.
Production
Development for Mulan began in 1994, after the production team sent a select group of artistic supervisors to China for three weeks to take photographs and drawings of local landmarks for inspiration; and to soak up local culture The filmmakers decided to change Mulan's character to make her more appealing and selfless and turn the art style closer to Chinese painting, with watercolor and simpler design - opposed to the details of The Lion King and The Hunchback of Notre Dame.
To create 2, 000 Hun soldiers during the Huns' attack sequence, the production team developed a crowd simulation software called Attila. This software allows thousands of unique characters to move autonomously. A variant of the program called Dynasty was used in the final battle sequence to create a crowd of 3, 000 in the Forbidden City. Pixar 's photorealistic RenderMan was used to render the crowd. Another software developed for this movie was Faux Plane which was used to add depth to flat two-dimensional painting. Although developed late in production progress, Faux Plane was used in five shots, including the dramatic sequence which features the Great Wall of China, and the final battle sequence when Mulan runs to the Forbidden City. During the scene in which the Chinese are bowing to Mulan, the crowd is a panoramic film of real people bowing. It was edited into the animated foreground of the scene.
Cast
From left to right: Cri-Kee, Mushu, Fa Mulan, Kahn.
Ming-Na Wen as Fa Mulan (singing voice provided by Lea Salonga), the principal protagonist, based on Hua Mulan. She disguises herself as a man and joins the Chinese Imperial Army in her father's place. Instead of being punished for doing so, she ends up a war hero. Kelly Chen and Coco Lee voiced Mulan in the Cantonese and Taiwanese Mandarin dubs of the film respectively, while Xu Qing and Ye Bei were the speaking and singing voices respectively in the Standard Mandarin version.
Eddie Murphy as Mushu, a dragon and one of the Fa family's guardian spirits, previously demoted after misguiding one of the Fa family ancestors. He serves as the film's deuteragonist. He is reinstated as a guardian after successfully aiding Mulan in her efforts in the army. Eric Kot, Jacky Wu, and Chen Peisi provided the voice of Mushu in the Cantonese, Taiwanese Mandarin, and Standard Mandarin versions, respectively.
BD Wong as Captain Li Shang (singing voice provided by Donny Osmond), the son of General Li and the officer in charge of training the Imperial Army's new recruits. He is the tritagonist of the film. Jackie Chan provided the speaking and singing voice of Li Shang in all three Chinese versions.
Miguel Ferrer as Shan Yu, the film's chief antagonist and the head of the Hun army who attempts to conquer the Chinese Empire.
Harvey Fierstein as Yao, a short but tough Imperial Army recruit who was initially antagonistic towards but later befriends Mulan. Known for the fact that his left eye is constantly swollen shut. Despite this supposed handicap, he exhibits great proficiency with range weapons; namely the bow and the rocket.
Gedde Watanabe as Ling (singing voice provided by Matthew Wilder), a lanky Imperial Army recruit who befriends Mulan. Initially seen as a weakling, he later develops the capacity to deliver a hard and painful headbutt through Li Shang's training.
Jerry Tondo as Chien-Po, a huge, rotund, good-natured, and inhumanly strong Imperial Army recruit who befriends Mulan. He appears to be one of the few who could appease Yao; mainly by the means of calming him down by holding him up and telling him to chant with him.
James Hong as Chi-Fu, a misogynistic member of the Emperor's council and advisor to Li Shang who refuses to allow the recruits to join the battle against the Huns.
Soon-Tek Oh as Fa Zhou, Mulan's father and a renowned war veteran.
June Foray as Grandmother Fa (singing voice provided by Marni Nixon), the grandmother of Mulan, who is encouraging her to find a husband.
Pat Morita as the Emperor of China, the target of a Hun kidnapping who commends Mulan after saving him and the Chinese Empire. Wise and decisive, he stated that "a single grain of rice can tip the scale; one man may be the difference between victory and defeat. " Ironically, he was saved by a woman at the near end of the first film.
George Takei as First Ancestor Fa, the head of the Fa family ancestors.
Freda Foh Shen as Fa Li, Mulan's mother, who looks strikingly like her except that Fa Li has a different hairstyle and is chubbier than Mulan.
James Shigeta as General Li, Li Shang's father who was killed in a battle against the Hun army.
Miriam Margolyes as the Matchmaker, who attempts to find Mulan a husband at the start of the film.
Frank Welker as Khan, Mulan's horse; and Cri-Kee, a cricket given to Mulan as a good luck charm. Considering all he survives, he certainly seems to be lucky.
Additional Voices
Tom Amundsen
Arminae Austen
Mary Kay Bergman
Susan Boyd
Julianne Buescher
Steve Bulen
Corey Burton
Mitch Carter
Robert Clotworthy
David Cowgill
Sally Dworsky
Beth Fowler
Don Fullilove
Elisa Gabrielli
Jack Gilpin
Sandie Hall
Richard S. Horvitz
Linda Kerns
Matthew Labyorteaux
Conan Lee
Dana Lee
Edie Lehmann-Boddicker
Luisa Leschin
Christina Ma
Susan McBride
Huanani Minn
Edie Mirman
Mark Moseley
Patrick Pinney
Peter Renaday
Maurita Thornburg-Phillips
John Walcutt
Frank Welker
Claudette Wells
Animators
Mark Henn ( Mulan and Fa Zhou)
Tom Bancroft ( Mushu)
Pres Romanillos ( Shan Yu, Falcon, and Elite Huns)
Ruben A. Aquino ( Shang and Fa Li)
Aaron Blaise (Yao and the Ancestors)
Broose Johnson ( Chien Po and Ling)
Alex Kupershmidt ( Khan and General Li)
Barry Temple ( Cri-Kee)
Release
Main article: Mulan (video)
Reception
Critical reaction
Reception of Mulan was mostly positive, gathering a 86% fresh rating from Rotten Tomatoes. Stephen Wong described the visuals as "stunning, " Kyle Suggs described the visuals as "breathtaking, " and Dan Jardine described the visuals as "magnificently animated. " Many praise the movie for attempting something new. Fa Mulan is unlike a traditional Disney heroine, suggesting that she is independent and brave; without being overtly glamorous.
Film critic Roger Ebert gave Mulan three and a half stars out of four in his written review. He said that " Mulan is an impressive achievement, with a story and treatment ranking with Beauty and the Beast and The Lion King ".
A negative review described it as a "disappointment. " The songs are accused of not being memorable, and slowing down the pace of the movie. Some reviewers suggest that the film is "soulless" in its portrayal of Asian society.
This movie was also the subject of comment from feminist critics. Mimi Nguyen says the film "pokes fun at the ultimately repressive gender roles that seek to make Mulan a domesticated creature. " Nadya Labi agrees, saying "there is a lyric in the film that gives the lie to the bravado of the entire girl-power movement. " She pointed out that she needed to become a boy to do it. Kathleen Karlyn, an assistant professor of English at the University of Oregon, criticizes it suggesting "In order to even imagine female heroism, we're placing it in the realm of fantasy". Pam Coats, producer of Mulan, aimed to produce a character that exhibits both masculine and feminine influences, being both physically and mentally strong.
Box office performance
Mulan's opening weekend box office figures were $22. 8 million, placing it as the second highest grossing movie that week to The X-Files. It went on to make $120 million domestically and $304 million worldwide, placing it the second highest family film of the year, behind A Bug's Life, and the 7th highest of the year overall. However, these figures were criticized as being a significant decrease from former Disney films, and this was considered a sign of the decreasing popularity of cartoon animation. Top international releases include the United Kingdom ($14. 6 million) and France ($10. 2 million).
Awards
Mulan won many Annie Awards. The film itself won the award for Best Animated Theatrical Feature. Individual achievement awards were awarded to Pam Coats for producing; Barry Cook and Tony Bancroft for Directing; Rita Hsiao, Christopher Sanders, Philip LaZebnick, Raymond Singer, and Eugenia Bostwick-Singer in Writing; Chris Sanders for Storyboarding; Hans Bacher for Production Design; David Tidgwell for Effects Animation; Ming-Na Wen for Voice Acting for Mulan; Matthew Wilder, David Zippel, and Jerry Goldsmith for music and Ruben A. Aquino for Character Animation. Tom Bancroft and Mark Henn were also nominated for Character Animation. It was also nominated for an Academy Award for Original Music Score in 1998, but was beaten by Stephen Warbeck's score for Shakespeare in Love. The music score also received significant praise. Jerry Goldsmith won the 1999 BMI Film Music Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score in 1998. Wilder and Zippel were also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song the same year for " Reflection ". They were beaten by The Truman Show and " The Prayer " from Quest for Camelot respectively.
Reception in China
Disney was keen to promote Mulan to the Chinese, hoping they might replicate their success with their 1994 film The Lion King, which was one of the country's highest-grossing Western films at that time. Disney also hoped it might smooth over relations with the Chinese government which had soured after the release of Kundun, a Disney-funded biography of the Dalai Lama that the Chinese government considered politically provocative. China had threatened to curtail business negotiations with Disney over that film and, as the government only accepts 10 Western films per year to be shown in their country, Mulan 's chances of being accepted were low. Finally, after a year's delay, the Chinese government did allow the film a limited Chinese release, but only after the Chinese New Year, so as to ensure that local films dominated the more lucrative holiday market.
Chinese culture in Mulan
The Legend of Hua Mulan
The Chinese legend of Hua Mulan centers on a young woman who disguises herself as a man to take the place of her elderly father in the army. The story can be traced back to The Ballad of Mulan. The earliest accounts of the legend state that she lived during the Northern Wei dynasty (386–534). However another version reports that Mulan was requested as a concubine by Emperor Yang of Sui China (reigned 604–617). The film may take place even later, as it prominently features landmarks such as the Forbidden City which was not constructed until the 15th Century. On the other hand, at the time of Northern Wei, the Xiongnu (Huns) had been already absorbed into Chinese culture. However, according to the style of dress (traditional Han clothing), the film takes place sometime in the 15th century or before. The fireworks featured in the movie indicate that the movie is set during the Sui dynasty. Although Mulan is set in north China, where the dominant language is Mandarin, the Disney film uses the Cantonese pronunciation, "Fa", of her family name. In Mandarin her name is pronounced "Hua".
Disney's Mulan casts the title character in much the same way as the original legend, a tomboy daughter of a respected veteran, somewhat troubled by being the "sophisticated lady" her society expects her to be after failing the matchmaker's training, dishonoring Mulan's family. In the original Mulan legend, Mulan uses her father's name Li and not the name "Ping" and she was never discovered as a girl, unlike the film. Also in the original legend, Mulan went to war for her father, because her father was getting too old to fight, and had no sons to take his place. However, in the film, it was added that her father's leg was injured.
Language
The script used for most of the text in Mulan is Traditional Chinese, which is no longer used in daily life on Mainland China (but still used in Hong Kong, Macau, and many overseas Chinese communities), although people are still able to read it. The traditional name for the leaders of the Central Asian Huns was Shanyu. The war between the Huns and China was real, called the Sino-Xiongnu War.
When Mulan masquerades as a man, her name is a pun in Chinese. Her first name is "Ping" (瓶), meaning pot, and her surname (placed first using Chinese naming conventions) means Flower (花). Together they make "Flowerpot", a Chinese term meaning an effeminate man. According to Orpheus in Mayfair and Other Stories and Sketches by Maurice Baring, "Ping" in Chinese means soldier-man, and if you wish to express your contempt for a man there is no word in the whole of the Chinese language which expresses it so fully and so emphatically as the word Ping. Chi-Fu's name literally means "to bully" in Chinese.
Trivia
When Ling loses his teeth after getting punched in the face, you see him later with all of his teeth back.
During the trek to the pass and during the battle, the number of soldiers increases and decreases multiple times.
Mulan was the first movie created outside L. A., California, created by Disney's Studio in Florida.
Mulan was almost a PG movie but went by different standards to get G. If it had been rated PG, it would have been the second Disney movie to be rated this after The Black Cauldron and the first Disney Princess movie to be rated PG.
During the avalanche, Mulan's helmet gets blown off and Shang's horse disappears but are both seen later in the film.
It took five years to make Mulan.
The movie was almost a short movie titled China Doll until Robert D. San Souci came along.
Mulan was originally supposed to be betrothed to a wealthy man but this was changed so that it would not seem she was joining the army for selfish reasons.
When the troops discover that the Huns destroyed a village in the Tung Shao Pass, numerous dead bodies of soldiers can be seen, making Mulan the only Disney movie that shows numerous dead bodies.
Mulan awards, by far, the Disney highest 'on screen' body count since the avalanche implies the death of thousands of Huns, leaving only a few survivors.
The original theatrical release poster for Mulan makes a cameo in Nani 's bedroom in Lilo & Stitch.
Lea Salonga, who sings as Mulan, sang as Jasmine.
There was supposed to be a Mulan 3 released in 2006, but it was canceled.
Mulan was supposed to appear as a young child in the original script of the film, but this was deleted because animators felt people would think she just wanted to be a soldier since it was a childhood interest, rather than to save her father.
Mulan is played by Ming-Na Wen who also plays Agent Melinda May in Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D.
Origins
The original story of Mulan was based on the fifth century Chinese poem the Ballad of Mulan. The original poem was originally a short fable, designed to show gender equality, but in the following centuries it was developed until Hua Mulan became a legendary figure. As little contemporary evidence exists other than the poem, it is unknown whether she was a real or fictional figure.
Allusions
Mushu calls Mulan Sleeping Beauty when he wakes her up.
Gallery
Music
Mulan features a score by Jerry Goldsmith and five songs by Matthew Wilder (music) and David Zippel (lyrics), with a sixth originally planned for Mushu, but dropped following Eddie Murphy's involvement with the character. The movie's soundtrack is credited for starting the career of pop princess Christina Aguilera, whose first song to be released in the U. S. was her rendition of " Reflection ", the first single from the Mulan soundtrack. The song, and Aguilera's vocals, were so well received that it landed her a recording contract with RCA records. In 1999, she would go on to release her self-titled debut album, on which "Reflection" was also included. As well as her own, the pop version of "Reflection" has two Spanish translations, because the movie has separate Spanish translations for Spain (performed by Malú) and Latin America (performed by Lucero). Other international versions include a Brazilian Portuguese version by Sandy & Junior ("Imagem") and a Mandarin version by Coco Lee.
Lea Salonga, the singing voice of Mulan in the movie, is also the singing voice of Princess Jasmine in Aladdin. The music featured during the haircut scene, often referred as the Mulan Decision score, is different in the soundtrack album. The soundtrack album uses an orchestrated score while the movie uses heavy synthesizer music. The synthesizer version is available on limited edition CD. Salonga, who enjoys singing movie music in her concerts, has done a Disney medley which climaxes with an expanded version of 'Reflection' (not the same as those in Aguilera's version). Salonga also provided the singing voice for Mulan in the movie's sequel, Mulan II.
The song " I'll Make a Man Out of You " was performed by Donny Osmond, who commented that his children decided that he had finally "made it" in show business when he was in a Disney film.
On Classic Disney: 60 Years of Musical Magic, this includes " I'll Make a Man Out of You " on the orange disc. And on Disney's Greatest Hits, this also includes " Reflection " on the blue disc, and " I'll Make a Man Out of You " on the green disc.
Stephen Schwartz, lyricist and composer of Pocahontas and The Hunchback of Notre Dame was originally hired to write and compose songs for the film, but these were not used due to his decision to continue with his work on the DreamWorks film The Prince of Egypt. Despite this, one of these songs, "Written in Stone, " was later used for the children's theatre production Mulan Jr. [1]
References in Other Media
References to Mulan in Disney Media
Mushu in the game Kingdom Hearts.
When Mulan sings "Reflection", in her father's shrine, her reflection appears in the polished surface of the temple stones. The writing on the stones is the names of the Disney animators who worked on the film written in ancient Chinese.
In the scene where Mushu awakens the ancestors, one set of grandparents worry that Mulan's quest will ensure her family loses their farm. This couple appears to be the couple on the farm in Grant Wood's famous painting American Gothic.
There are a number of Hidden Mickeys in this film, including the spots on Shang's horse's neck and rump and in the training sequences, the first time the soldiers use their rockets.
Although she is technically not a princess, Mulan is an official member of the Disney Princess franchise. More often than not, Mulan is the subject of internet debates over whether she is a "real princess" or not, but her inclusion in Disney's official line-up leaves little question to the matter.
In the film Lilo & Stitch, Nani has a poster of Mulan in her room.
Mulan is present in the Disney and Square Enix video game series Kingdom Hearts. In the first Kingdom Hearts game and in Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories, Mushu is a summonable character, and in Kingdom Hearts II, the movie is featured as a playable world named "The Land of Dragons", with the plot being changed to accommodate the game's protagonists ( Sora, Donald, and Goofy) and Mulan (and Ping) able to join the player's party as a skilled sword fighter. In the title's manga adaptation, the character skirts the fourth wall to reference his absence in previous installments, an acknowledgement of the fact that Mushu did not appear in the Kingdom Hearts or Chain of Memories manga titles due to only being a summoned character.
In Tarzan, when the apes are jiggling Professor Porter, the things that fall out of his pockets include a plush doll of Little Brother.
References to Mulan in popular culture
The British sitcom Spaced referenced Mulan in the second episode of the second series. In the show, characters are frequently hard-pressed to draw a line between fantasy and reality, and in this scene the character Daisy recalls Mulan as someone she has met "when she was traveling" until another character reminds her it was 'a Disney film'. Daisy also sings a very badly-remembered line of 'Reflection'.
In the television show Firefly, Shepherd Book mentions a Chinese warlord named Shan Yu who purportedly believed you could only truly know a man by torturing him.
Comedian Margaret Cho referred to a fish and rice diet a tabloid (falsely) reported her adhering to as being "so Mulan, " in that it was based on the stereotypes of her ethnic background.
In the Ugly Betty season one episode "Don't Ask, Don't Tell", Mulan is referenced when Betty is quizzing Marc on his knowledge of her to fool his mother into thinking they are dating. However, he does not know much, as is evidenced when the question is about her favorite princess, and Marc guesses Mulan. Henry, on the other hand, knows it is Cinderella.
In the episode of Family Guy titled "Love Thy Trophy", Stewie is taken from the Griffin family and placed in the foster care of a couple who has adopted many children of different racial backgrounds (Chinese, Indian, African, Inuit, etc. ). Stewie turns them all against each other by letting them know of the conflicts between their homelands and then by getting them to argue the ethnicity of Santa Claus. During the argument, one child tells his adopted Chinese sister to "Go back to your rice paddy, Mulan! "
References
External links
v - e - d
Media
Films: Mulan • Mulan II • Mulan (2020 film) • Video
Video games: Animated StoryBook: Mulan • Kingdom Hearts II • Disney Emoji Blitz • Disney Crossy Road • Disney Magic Kingdoms • Disney Sorcerer's Arena
Books: The Art of Mulan • Disney Princess Beginnings • Reflection (A Twisted Tale) • Kilala Princess
Music: Mulan (soundtrack) • Mulan II (soundtrack)
Disney Parks
Disney Animation Building • Fantasy Gardens • Garden of the Twelve Friends • It's a Small World • Princesses Castle • Voyage to the Crystal Grotto
Entertainment: Cinderella's Surprise Celebration • Disney's Wishes • Mickey and the Magical Map • Mulan, La Légende • Once Upon a Mouse • Royal Princess Music Celebration • The Golden Mickeys
Restaurants: Plaza Inn
Parade: Mickey's New Year's Eve Parade • Mickey's Rainy Day Express • Mickey's Storybook Express • Mickey's WaterWorks • Mulan Parade
Firework: Disney in the Stars • Happily Ever After • Hurry Home: Lunar New Year Celebration • Ignite the Dream: A Nighttime Spectacular of Magic and Light
Halloween: The Disney Villains Halloween Showtime
Characters
Original: Fa Mulan • Mushu • Cri-Kee • Li Shang • Yao, Ling, and Chien Po • Chi-Fu • Shan Yu • General Li • Fa Zhou • Fa Li • Grandmother Fa • First Ancestor Fa • Fa Family Ancestors • The Emperor of China • The Matchmaker • Little Brother • Khan • Shang's Horse • Hayabusa the Falcon • Elite Hun Soldiers • Hun Army
Sequel: Sha-Ron • Ting-Ting, Su, and Mei • Lord Qin • Prince Jeeki
Remake: Hua Xiu • Chen Honghui • Commander Tung • The Chancellor
Songs
Original: Honor to Us All • Reflection • I'll Make a Man Out of You • A Girl Worth Fighting For • True To Your Heart
Sequel: Lesson Number One • Like Other Girls • Here Beside Me
Deleted songs: Keep 'em Guessing
Locations
China • Imperial City • Fa Family home • Village
Objects
Great Stone Dragon • Mulan's Hair Accessory • Sword of Shan Yu • Mulan and Shang's Necklaces • Golden Dragon of Unity
Walt Disney Animation Studios ( Disney Animated Canon)
Disney Golden Age: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) · Pinocchio (1940) · Fantasia (1940) · Dumbo (1941) · Bambi (1942) · Saludos Amigos (1942) · The Three Caballeros (1944) · Make Mine Music (1946) · Fun and Fancy Free (1947) · Melody Time (1948) · The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949) · Cinderella (1950) · Alice in Wonderland (1951) · Peter Pan (1953) · Lady and the Tramp (1955) · Sleeping Beauty (1959) · One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961) · The Sword in the Stone (1963) · The Jungle Book (1967)
Disney Dark Age: The Aristocats (1970) · Robin Hood (1973) · The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977) · The Rescuers (1977) · The Fox and the Hound (1981) · The Black Cauldron (1985) · The Great Mouse Detective (1986) · Oliver & Company (1988)
Disney Renaissance: The Little Mermaid (1989) · The Rescuers Down Under (1990) · Beauty and the Beast (1991) · Aladdin (1992) · The Lion King (1994) · Pocahontas (1995) · The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996) · Hercules (1997) · Mulan (1998) · Tarzan (1999)
Post-Renaissance: Fantasia 2000 (2000) · Dinosaur (2000) · The Emperor's New Groove (2000) · Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001) · Lilo & Stitch (2002) · Treasure Planet (2002) · Brother Bear (2003) · Home on the Range (2004) · Chicken Little (2005) · Meet the Robinsons (2007) · Bolt (2008)
Disney Revival The Princess and the Frog (2009) · Tangled (2010) · Winnie the Pooh (2011) · Wreck-It Ralph (2012) · Frozen (2013) · Big Hero 6 (2014) · Zootopia (2016) · Moana (2016) · Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018) · Frozen II (2019)
Upcoming: Raya and the Last Dragon (2020)
Pixar
Toy Story (1995) · A Bug's Life (1998) · Toy Story 2 (1999) · Monsters, Inc. (2001) · Finding Nemo (2003) · The Incredibles (2004) · Cars (2006) · Ratatouille (2007) · WALL-E (2008) · Up (2009) · Toy Story 3 (2010) · Cars 2 (2011) · Brave (2012) · Monsters University (2013) · Inside Out (2015) · The Good Dinosaur (2015) · Finding Dory (2016). Cars 3 (2017) · Coco (2017) · Incredibles 2 (2018) · Toy Story 4 (2019)
Upcoming: Onward (2020) · Soul (2020)
Disneytoon Studios
DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp (1990) · A Goofy Movie (1995) · Doug's 1st Movie (1999) · The Tigger Movie (2000) · Recess: School's Out (2001) · Peter Pan: Return to Never Land (2002) · The Jungle Book 2 (2003) · Piglet's Big Movie (2003) · Teacher's Pet (2004) · Pooh's Heffalump Movie (2005) · Bambi II (2006) · Tinker Bell (2008) · Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure (2009) · Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue (2010) · Secret of the Wings (2012) · Planes (2013) · The Pirate Fairy (2014) · Planes: Fire & Rescue (2014) · Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast (2015)
Lucasfilm Animation Studios
Strange Magic (2015)
Live-Action Films with Non-CG Animation
The Reluctant Dragon (1941) · Victory Through Air Power (1943) · Song of the South (1946) · So Dear to My Heart (1949) · Mary Poppins (1964) · Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971) · Pete's Dragon (1977) · Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) · James and the Giant Peach (1996) · Enchanted (2007) · Mary Poppins Returns (2018)
Animated Films Distributed by Disney
The Brave Little Toaster (1987) · The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) · Valiant (2005) · The Wild (2006) · A Christmas Carol (2009) · Mars Needs Moms (2011) · Frankenweenie (2012)
Studio Ghibli Films Distributed by Disney
Princess Mononoke (1997) · Spirited Away (2001) · Howl's Moving Castle (2004) · Tales from Earthsea (2006) · Ponyo (2008) · The Secret World of Arietty (2010) · The Wind Rises (2013).
The Mandalorian: season 1 ends everyone: Lets move out. Disney: NOT SO FAST.
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